Reflexiones éticas relacionadas con el uso e investigación de la nanotecnología
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31644/IMASD.29.2022.a05Palabras clave:
Bioética, Nanotecnología, NanomaterialesResumen
Actualmente, la nanotecnología es un área emergente del conocimiento de carácter interdisciplinario. Abarca diversas aplicaciones que incluyen la biomédica, alimentos, energía, armamentista e industrial. A pesar del potencial de sus aplicaciones, en este momento surge la necesidad de considerar éticamente los beneficios y riesgos que representa el uso y desarrollo de la nanotecnología para los ecosistemas natural, económico y social. En este documento se analizan cuestiones éticas del uso de la nanotecnología, incluyendo aspectos normativos y análisis de riesgo desde el punto de vista de sus dimensiones bioéticas. Es relevante una reflexión relacionada con las implicaciones éticas y bioéticas de las diferentes aplicaciones nanotecnológicas, sin dejar de lado sus posibles beneficios y amenazas. En general, esta reflexión conduce a la necesidad de que los investigadores influyan para que el marco normativo nacional e internacional no limite el desarrollo del avance científico, pero que sí asegure que dicho progreso no atente contra la seguridad de los seres humanos y del planeta en general.
Descargas
Citas
Acharya, A., & Pal, P. K. (2020). Agriculture nanotechnology: Translating research outcome to field applications by influencing environmental sustainability. NanoImpact, 19, 100232. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2020.100232
Adach, K., Fijalkowski, M., Gajek, G., Skolimowski, J., Kontek, R., & Blaszczyk, A. (2016). Studies on the cytotoxicity of diamond nanoparticles against human cancer cells and lymphocytes. Chem Biol Interact, 254, 156-166. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2016.06.004
Ahmadi, H., Ramezani, M., Yazdian-Robati, R., Behnam, B., Razavi Azarkhiavi, K., Hashem Nia, A., . . . Abnous, K. (2017). Acute toxicity of functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes: A biochemical, histopathologic and proteomics approach. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 275(Supplement C), 196-209. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2017.08.004
Alfei, S., Marengo, B., & Zuccari, G. (2020). Nanotechnology application in food packaging: A plethora of opportunities versus pending risks assessment and public concerns. Food Research International, 137, 109664. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109664
Amato, I., & Carroll, L. (1999). Nanotechnology: shaping the world atom by atom: National Science and Technology Council, Committee on Technology ….
Arnaldi, S. (2014). Introduction: Nanotechonologies and the quest for responsability. In S. Arnaldi, Ferrari, A., Magaudda, P., Marin. F. (Ed.), Responsability in nanotechnology development. New Yoirk: Springer Science.
Barakat, N., & Jiao, H. (2010). Proposed Strategies for Teaching Ethics of Nanotechnology. NanoEthics, 4(3), 221-228. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-010-0100-0
Bawa, R., & Johnson, S. (2007). The Ethical Dimensions of Nanomedicine. Medical Clinics of North America, 91(5), 881-887. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2007.05.007
Bawa, R., & Johnson, S. (2009). Emerging issues in nanomedicine and ethics. In Nanotechnology & Society (pp. 207-223): Springer.
Bennett-Woods, D. (2008). Nanotechnology. Ethics and society. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Berne, R. W. (2004). Towards the conscientious development of ethical nanotechnology. Science and Engineering Ethics, 10(4), 627-638.
Berne, R. W., & Schummer, J. (2005). Teaching societal and ethical implications of nanotechnology to engineering students through science fiction. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 25(6), 459-468.
Berube, D. (2011). Decision ethics and emergent technologies: The case of nanotechnology. European Journal of Law and Technology, 2(3).
Bhattacharya, K., Andón, F. T., El-Sayed, R., & Fadeel, B. (2013). Mechanisms of carbon nanotube-induced toxicity: Focus on pulmonary inflammation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 65(15), 2087-2097. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.012
Bhattacharya, K., Mukherjee, S. P., Gallud, A., Burkert, S. C., Bistarelli, S., Bellucci, S., . . . Fadeel, B. (2016). Biological interactions of carbon-based nanomaterials: From coronation to degradation. Nanomedicine, 12(2), 333-351. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2015.11.011
Boisseau, P., & Loubaton, B. (2011). Nanomedicine, nanotechnology in medicine. Comptes Rendus Physique, 12(7), 620-636. doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2011.06.001
Brune, H., Ernst, H., Grunwald, A., Grünwald, W., Hofman, H., Krug, H., Janich, P., Mayor, M., Rathgeber, W., Schmid, G., SImon, U., Vogel, V., Wuyrwa, D. (2010). Nanotechnology. Assessment and Perspectives. Germany: Springer.
Castro, J. (2016). Ética y bioética: límites y alcances. . Revista de bioética latinoamericana, 17, 75-96.
Cerqueira, B. B. S., Lasham, A., Shelling, A. N., & Al-Kassas, R. (2017). Development of biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles surface engineered with hyaluronic acid for targeted delivery of paclitaxel to triple negative breast cancer cells. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 76, 593-600. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.121
Chaichi, A., Sheikh, E., Mukhopadhyay, S., & Gartia, M. R. (2021). Trends in Nanotechnology Development in Medical Applications. In Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering: Elsevier.
Chung, H.-J., Kim, H.-J., & Hong, S.-T. (2020). Tumor-specific delivery of a paclitaxel-loading HSA-haemin nanoparticle for cancer treatment. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 23, 102089. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2019.102089
Conti, J., Satterfield, T., & Harthorn, B. H. (2011). Vulnerability and social justice as factors in emergent U.S. nanotechnology risk perceptions. Risk Anal, 31(11), 1734-1748. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01608.x
Coyle, S., & Diamond, D. (2010). Smart nanotextiles: materials and their application.
Cunha, T., & Garrafa, V. (2016). Vulnerability. Camb Q Healthc Ethics, 25(2), 197-208. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S096318011500050X
Dalton-Brown, S. (2012). Global Ethics and Nanotechnology: A Comparison of the Nanoethics Environments of the EU and China. NanoEthics, 6(2), 137-150. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-012-0146-2
Danie Kingsley, J., Ranjan, S., Dasgupta, N., & Saha, P. (2013). Nanotechnology for tissue engineering: Need, techniques and applications. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 7(2), 200-204. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.02.021
Delgado-Ramos, G. C. (2014). Nanotechnology in Mexico: Global trends and national implications for policy and regulatory issues. Technology in Society, 37, 4-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2013.09.005
Devi, K. P., & Chaturvedi, H. (2021). Chapter 9 - An overview of nanotechnology in water treatment applications and combating climate change. In B. Thokchom, P. Qiu, P. Singh, & P. K. Iyer (Eds.), Water Conservation in the Era of Global Climate Change (pp. 191-212): Elsevier.
Dinparvar, S., Bagirova, M., Allahverdiyev, A. M., Abamor, E. S., Safarov, T., Aydogdu, M., & Aktas, D. (2020). A nanotechnology-based new approach in the treatment of breast cancer: Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Cuminum cyminum L. seed extract. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 208, 111902. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111902
Dong, Y., Wu, X., Chen, X., Zhou, P., Xu, F., & Liang, W. (2021). Nanotechnology shaping stem cell therapy: Recent advances, application, challenges, and future outlook. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 137, 111236. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111236
du Toit, L. C., Kumar, P., Choonara, Y. E., & Pillay, V. (2018). 10 - Use of nanostructured materials in hard tissue engineering A2 - Narayan, Roger. In Nanobiomaterials (pp. 257-295): Woodhead Publishing.
Ema, M., Gamo, M., & Honda, K. (2016). A review of toxicity studies of single-walled carbon nanotubes in laboratory animals. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 74(Supplement C), 42-63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.11.015
Ershova, E. S., Sergeeva, V. A., Chausheva, A. I., Zheglo, D. G., Nikitina, V. A., Smirnova, T. D., . . . Kostyuk, S. V. (2016). Toxic and DNA damaging effects of a functionalized fullerene in human embryonic lung fibroblasts. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 805, 46-57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.05.004
Escobar López, M. T. (2012). Bioética mas allá del Principialismo. Rev. latinoam. Bioét, 6-9.
European_Commission. (2021). Internal market, industry, entrepreneurshio and SME. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/chemicals/reach/nanomaterials_en
Ferrari, A. (2014). Responsability and visions in the new and emerging technologies. In S. Arnaldi, Ferrari, A., Magaudda, P., Marin. F. (Ed.), Responsability in nanotechnology development. New York: Springer Science
Feynman, R. (1959). Plenty of Room at the Bottom. Retrieved from https://web.pa.msu.edu/people/yang/RFeynman_plentySpace.pdf
Foladori, G., Bejarano, F., Invernizzi, N. (2013). Nanotecnología: gestión y reglamentación de riesgos para la salud y medio ambiente en América Latina y el Caribe. Trab. Educ. Saúde, 11(1), 145-167.
Ghorbani, F., Kokhaei, P., Ghorbani, M., & Eslami, M. (2020). Application of different nanoparticles in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Gene Reports, 21, 100896. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100896
Glenn, J. C. (2006). Nanotechnology: Future military environmental health considerations. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 73(2), 128-137. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2005.06.010
Gorbet, M.-J., & Ranjan, A. (2020). Cancer immunotherapy with immunoadjuvants, nanoparticles, and checkpoint inhibitors: Recent progress and challenges in treatment and tracking response to immunotherapy. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 207, 107456. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107456
Grall, R., Girard, H., Saad, L., Petit, T., Gesset, C., Combis-Schlumberger, M., . . . Chevillard, S. (2015). Impairing the radioresistance of cancer cells by hydrogenated nanodiamonds. Biomaterials, 61, 290-298. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.034
Groves, C. (2009). Nanotechnology, Contingency and Finitude. NanoEthics, 3(1), 1-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-009-0057-z
Harik, V. M. (2017). Geometry of carbon nanotubes and mechanisms of phagocytosis and toxic effects. Toxicology Letters, 273(Supplement C), 69-85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.03.016
Hasan, A., Saliba, J., Pezeshgi Modarres, H., Bakhaty, A., Nasajpour, A., Mofrad, M. R. K., & Sanati-Nezhad, A. (2016). Micro and nanotechnologies in heart valve tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 103(Supplement C), 278-292. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.001
Have, H. (2007). Nanotechnology, ethics and politics. Paris France: UNESCO Publishing.
He, X., Deng, H., & Hwang, H.-m. (2019). The current application of nanotechnology in food and agriculture. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 27(1), 1-21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.002
Huang, Z., Qiu, L., Zhang, T., & Tan, W. (2021). Integrating DNA Nanotechnology with Aptamers for Biological and Biomedical Applications. Matter, 4(2), 461-489. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.11.002
Hunt, G. (2008). The global ethics of nanotechnology. In G. Hunt, Mehta, M. (Ed.), Nanotechnology. Risk, ethics and law: Taylor & Francis Group.
Indoria, S., Singh, V., & Hsieh, M.-F. (2020). Recent advances in theranostic polymeric nanoparticles for cancer treatment: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 582, 119314. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119314
Joubert, I. A., Geppert, M., Ess, S., Nestelbacher, R., Gadermaier, G., Duschl, A., . . . Himly, M. (2020). Public perception and knowledge on nanotechnology: A study based on a citizen science approach. NanoImpact, 17, 100201. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2019.100201
Jung, H. J., & Lee, J. J. (2014). The impacts of science and technology policy interventions on university research: Evidence from the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative. Research Policy, 43(1), 74-91. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2013.07.001
Justo-Hanani, R., & Dayan, T. (2015). European risk governance of nanotechnology: Explaining the emerging regulatory policy. Research Policy, 44(8), 1527-1536. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.05.001
Kamarulzaman, N. A., Lee, K. E., Siow, K. S., & Mokhtar, M. (2020). Public benefit and risk perceptions of nanotechnology development: Psychological and sociological aspects. Technology in Society, 62, 101329. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101329
Kay, L., & Shapira, P. (2009). Developing nanotechnology in Latin America. J Nanopart Res, 11(2), 259-278. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-008-9503-z
Khan, A. S. (2014). Ethics and nanotechnology. Paper presented at the 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering.
Krishna, V. D., Wu, K., Su, D., Cheeran, M. C. J., Wang, J.-P., & Perez, A. (2018). Nanotechnology: Review of concepts and potential application of sensing platforms in food safety. Food Microbiology, 75, 47-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2018.01.025
Kühnel, D., Nickel, C., Hellack, B., van der Zalm, E., Kussatz, C., Herrchen, M., . . . Hund-Rinke, K. (2019). Closing gaps for environmental risk screening of engineered nanomaterials. NanoImpact, 15, 100173. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2019.100173
Kumar Das, P., Prava Das, B., & Dash, P. (2021). Chapter 16 - Application of nanotechnology in the production of bioenergy from algal biomass: opportunities and challenges. In R. P. Kumar & B. Bharathiraja (Eds.), Nanomaterials (pp. 355-377): Academic Press.
Kumar, S., & Foroozesh, J. (2021). Chapter 5 - Application of nanotechnology in hydrocarbon reservoir exploration and characterization. In W. Ahmed, M. Booth, & E. Nourafkan (Eds.), Emerging Nanotechnologies for Renewable Energy (pp. 115-134): Elsevier.
Larrere, C. (2010). Ethics and nanotechnology: The issue of perfectionism. HYLE-International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry, 16(1), 19-30.
Laudisio, A., Giannotti, C., Chiarella, I., Spitaleri, D., Ballestrero, A., Odetti, P., . . . Monacelli, F. (2020). Social vulnerability is associated with increased mortality in older patients with cancer. Journal of Geriatric Oncology. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgo.2020.09.018
Lenk, C., & Biller-Andorno, N. (2007). Nanomedicine-emerging or re-emerging ethical issues? A discussion of four ethical themes. Med Health Care Philos, 10(2), 173-184. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-006-9014-6
León Correa, F. J. (2009). Principios para una bioética social. Bioethikos, 3(1), 18-25.
Maagi, M. T., Lupyana, S. D., & Jun, G. (2020). Nanotechnology in the petroleum industry: Focus on the use of nanosilica in oil-well cementing applications - A review. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 193, 107397. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107397
Maddu, N. (2021). 9 - Nanoparticle mediated diagnosis of clinical biomarkers of different diseases: a medical application of nanotechnology. In S. C. B. Gopinath & F. Gang (Eds.), Nanoparticles in Analytical and Medical Devices (pp. 155-173): Elsevier.
Melchor-Alemán, M.-A., Mesta-Torres, L., & Martel-Estrada, S. A. (2016). Aplicaciones de nanopartículas en textiles para el diseño de interiores. Espacio I+D: Innovación más Desarrollo, 5(10). doi: https://doi.org/10.31644/IMASD.10.2016.a07
Michelson, E. S. (2008). Globalization at the nano frontier: The future of nanotechnology policy in the United States, China, and India. Technology in Society, 30(3), 405-410. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2008.04.018
Miller, E. M., Samec, T. M., & Alexander-Bryant, A. A. (2021). Nanoparticle delivery systems to combat drug resistance in ovarian cancer. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 31, 102309. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2020.102309
Mohamed, J. M., Alqahtani, A., Ahmad, F., Krishnaraju, V., & Kalpana, K. (2021). Pectin co-functionalized dual layered solid lipid nanoparticle made by soluble curcumin for the targeted potential treatment of colorectal cancer. Carbohydrate Polymers, 252, 117180. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117180
Motoyama, Y., Appelbaum, R., & Parker, R. (2011). The National Nanotechnology Initiative: Federal support for science and technology, or hidden industrial policy? Technology in Society, 33(1), 109-118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2011.03.010
Nanosafety_Cluster. (2021). Nanosafety Cluster. Retrieved from https://www.nanosafetycluster.eu/
Nejabat, M., Eisvand, F., Soltani, F., Alibolandi, M., Mohammad Taghdisi, S., Abnous, K., . . . Ramezani, M. (2020). Combination therapy using Smac peptide and doxorubicin-encapsulated MUC 1-targeted polymeric nanoparticles to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy: An in vitro and in vivo study. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 587, 119650. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119650
O'Mathúna, D. (2007). Bioethics and biotechnology. Cytotechnology, 53, 113-119.
Pang, Y., Su, L., Fu, Y., Jia, F., Zhang, C., Cao, X., . . . Qin, A. (2021). Inhibition of furin by bone targeting superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles alleviated breast cancer bone metastasis. Bioactive Materials, 6(3), 712-720. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.006
Pavitra, E., Dariya, B., Srivani, G., Kang, S.-M., Alam, A., Sudhir, P.-R., . . . Huh, Y. S. (2019). Engineered nanoparticles for imaging and drug delivery in colorectal cancer. Seminars in Cancer Biology. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.017
Roco, M. C., & Bainbridge, W. S. (2007). Nanotechnology: Societal Implications: Individual Perspectives. Dordrecht: Springer.
Rodríguez-Ramos, R., Santana-Mayor, Á., Socas-Rodríguez, B., & Rodríguez-Delgado, M. Á. (2021). Chapter 19 - Novel applications of nanotechnology in food safety assessment. In W. J. Lau, K. Faungnawakij, K. Piyachomkwan, & U. R. Ruktanonchai (Eds.), Handbook of Nanotechnology Applications (pp. 461-505): Elsevier.
Rogotneva, E. N., Melik-Haikazyan, I., & Goncharenko, M. (2015). Bioethics: Negotiation of Fundamental Differences in Russian and US Curricula. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 215, 26-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.569
Sahani, S., & Sharma, Y. C. (2021). Advancements in applications of nanotechnology in global food industry. Food Chemistry, 342, 128318. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128318
Salama, D. M., Abd El-Aziz, M. E., Rizk, F. A., & Abd Elwahed, M. S. A. (2021). Applications of nanotechnology on vegetable crops. Chemosphere, 266, 129026. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129026
Salamanca-Buentello, F., & Daar, A. S. (2021). Nanotechnology, equity and global health. Nature Nanotechnology, 16(4), 358-361. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00899-z
Schulte, P. A., & Salamanca-Buentello, F. (2007). Ethical and scientific issues of nanotechnology in the workplace. Environ Health Perspect, 115(1), 5-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9456
Shajkumar, A. (2015). Chapter 17 - Future of Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering A2 - Thomas, Sabu. In Y. Grohens & N. Ninan (Eds.), Nanotechnology Applications for Tissue Engineering (pp. 289-306). Oxford: William Andrew Publishing.
Shim, M. K., Moon, Y., Yang, S., Kim, J., Cho, H., Lim, S., . . . Kim, K. (2020). Cancer-specific drug-drug nanoparticles of pro-apoptotic and cathepsin B-cleavable peptide-conjugated doxorubicin for drug-resistant cancer therapy. Biomaterials, 261, 120347. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120347
Shukla, S. K., Anusha, J., Ramaiya, H., Lee, J., & Sadeq, H. A. (2021). Chapter 7 - Application of nanotechnology in membrane-based wastewater treatment: a critical review. In M. P. Shah & S. Rodriguez-Couto (Eds.), Membrane-Based Hybrid Processes for Wastewater Treatment (pp. 119-145): Elsevier.
Singha, I., & Kumar Mishrab, P. (2020). Nano-membrane Filtration a Novel Application of Nanotechnology for Waste Water Treatment. Materials Today: Proceedings, 29, 327-332. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.284
Siurana Aparisi, J. C. (2010). Los principios de la bioética y el surgimiento de una bioética intercultural. Veritas, 121-157. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-92732010000100006&nrm=iso
Soltani, A. M., & Pouypouy, H. (2019). Chapter 19 - Standardization and Regulations of Nanotechnology and Recent Government Policies Across the World on Nanomaterials. In M. Ghorbanpour & S. H. Wani (Eds.), Advances in Phytonanotechnology (pp. 419-446): Academic Press.
Stapleton, A., Cintora, A., De Anda,C., Fitzgibbon, M. (2014). How can Science Produce Unequal Relationships: The Nanotechnology Metaphor. Proceedings of the 19th World Congress. The International Federation of Automatic Control, 11431-11436.
ten Have, H. (2015). Respect for Human Vulnerability: The Emergence of a New Principle in Bioethics. J Bioeth Inq, 12(3), 395-408. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-015-9641-9
Umbrello, S., & Baum, S. D. (2018). Evaluating future nanotechnology: The net societal impacts of atomically precise manufacturing. Futures, 100, 63-73. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.04.007
UNESCO. (2005). Declaración universal sobre Bioética y Derechos Humanos. Retrieved from http://portal.unesco.org/es/ev.php-URL_ID=31058&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
UNESCO. (2012). El día de la justicia social. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/es/media-services/single-view/news/world_day_of_social_justice/
van de Poel, I. (2008). How Should We Do Nanoethics? A Network Approach for Discerning Ethical Issues in Nanotechnology. NanoEthics, 2(1), 25-38. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-008-0026-y
Vasantha, V. L., Sharvari, S., Alfia, N. S., & Praveen, N. (2021). Chapter 22 - Application of nanotechnology toward improved production of sustainable bioenergy. In R. P. Kumar & B. Bharathiraja (Eds.), Nanomaterials (pp. 445-479): Academic Press.
Wang, D. K., Rahimi, M., & Filgueira, C. S. (2021). Nanotechnology applications for cardiovascular disease treatment: Current and future perspectives. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 34, 102387. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2021.102387
Wetmore, J. M., & Posner, J. D. (2009). Should corporations contribute to nano-regulation? Nano Today, 4(3), 217-219. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2009.03.002
Wu, D., Shou, X., Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Wu, G., Wu, D., . . . Wang, S. (2020). Cell membrane-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles for enhancing natural killer cell-mediated Cancer immunotherapy. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 102333. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2020.102333
Xu, X., Li, L., Li, X., Tao, D., Zhang, P., & Gong, J. (2020). Aptamer-protamine-siRNA nanoparticles in targeted therapy of ErbB3 positive breast cancer cells. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 590, 119963. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119963
Yang, L.-Y., Gao, J.-L., Gao, T., Dong, P., Ma, L., Jiang, F.-L., & Liu, Y. (2016). Toxicity of polyhydroxylated fullerene to mitochondria. J Hazard Mater, 301(Supplement C), 119-126. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.046
Zhang, T., Cui, H., Fang, C. Y., Cheng, K., Yang, X., Chang, H. C., & Forrest, M. L. (2015). Targeted nanodiamonds as phenotype-specific photoacoustic contrast agents for breast cancer. . Nanomedicine, 10(4), 573-587. doi: https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm.14.141
Zhao, Y., Pu, M., Wang, Y., Yu, L., Song, X., & He, Z. (2021). Application of nanotechnology in acute kidney injury: From diagnosis to therapeutic implications. Journal of Controlled Release, 336, 233-251. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.026
Zhou, S., Li, D., Lee, C., & Xie, J. (2020). Nanoparticle Phototherapy in the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy. Trends in Chemistry. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trechm.2020.09.008
Zhu, S., Luo, F., Tu, X., Chen, W.-C., Zhu, B., & Wang, G.-X. (2017). Developmental toxicity of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on Artemia salina cysts and larvae: Uptake, accumulation, excretion and toxic responses. Environmental Pollution, 229(Supplement C), 679-687. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.020
Zullo, S. (2014). Features of intergenerational moral responsability in the age of the emerging technologies. In S. Arnaldi, Ferrari, A., Magaudda, P., Marin. F. (Ed.), Responsability in nanotechnology development. New York: Springer Science.
Descargas
Publicado
Versiones
- 01-06-2022 (2)
- 01-02-2022 (1)
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
